Andrographis News: May 2009

Evaluation of the genotoxic potential and acute oral toxicity of standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata

Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 May 14.: Evaluation of the genotoxic potential and acute oral toxicity of standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata (KalmCold(TM)).

Chandrasekaran CV, Thiyagarajan P, Sundarajan K, Goudar KS, Deepak M, Murali B, Allan JJ, Agarwal A.

R & D centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India.

Andrographis paniculata was used in the traditional medicine for cold and influenza remedy. The main endeavor in this study was to assess the genotoxicity of the standardized extract of A. paniculata (KalmCold(TM)) through three different in vitro tests: Ames; Chromosome aberration (CA), and Micronucleus (MN). Ames test was performed at 5000 mug/ml, 1581 mug/ml, 500 mug/ml, 158 mug/ml, 50 mug/ml and 16 mug/ml, while the clastogenicity tests were performed at 80 mug/ml, 26.6 mug/ml and 8.8 mug/ml for short-term treatment without S9; 345 mug/ml, 115 mug/ml and 38.3 mug/ml for short-term treatment with S9; and 46 mug/ml, 15.3 mug/ml and 5.1 mug/ml for long-term without S9 using DMSO as a vehicle control. Results of Ames test showed that KalmCold(TM) did not induce mutations both in the presence and absence of S9 in Salmonella typhimurium mutant strains TA98 and TAMix. In CA and MN, KalmCold(TM) did not induce clastogenicity in CHO-K1 cells in vitro. Based on our results, it is evident that KalmCold(TM) is genotoxically safe. Additionally in acute oral toxicity study, female rats were treated at 5000 mg/kg of KalmCold(TM) and observed for signs of toxicity for 14 days. KalmCold(TM) did not produce any treatment- related toxic effects in rats.

PMID: 19447157 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Andrographolide could inhibit human colorectal carcinoma Lovo cells migration and invasion via down-regulation of MMP-7 expression

Chem Biol Interact. 2009 May 5. [Epub ahead of print]

Andrographolide could inhibit human colorectal carcinoma Lovo cells migration and invasion via down-regulation of MMP-7 expression.

Shi MD, Lin HH, Chiang TA, Tsai LY, Tsai SM, Lee YC, Chen JH.

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yongkang Veterans Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Science, College of Health Sciences Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Andrographolide (Andro), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from a traditional herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata, is known to possess multiple pharmacological activities. In our previous study, Andro had been shown to have potent anti-cancer activity against human colorectal carcinoma Lovo cells by inhibiting cell-cycle progression. To further investigate the mechanism basis for the anti-cancer properties of Andro, it was used to examine the effect on migration and invasion in Lovo cells. The results of wound-healing assay and in vitro transwell assay revealed that Andro inhibited dose-dependently the migration and invasion of lovo cells under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Using zymographic assay and RT-PCR, the results revealed that Andro diminished the activity and the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-7, but not MMP-2 or MMP-9. The down-regulation of MMP-7 appeared to be via the inactivation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) since the treatment with Andro suppressed the nuclear protein level of AP-1, which was accompanied by a decrease in DNA binding level of the factor. Taken together, these results indicated that Andro reduces the MMP-7-mediated cellular events in Lovo cells, and provided a new mechanism for its anti-cancer activity.

PMID: 19426720 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Identification of four urea adducts of andrographolide in humans

Drug Metab Lett. 2008 Dec;2(4):261-8.

Identification of four urea adducts of andrographolide in humans.

Cui L, Chan W, Qiu F, Cai Z, Yao X.

Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.

Andrographolide is a component of a famous traditional Chinese herbal medicine Andrographis paniculate (Burm) Nees. In this study, the metabolites of andrographolide in human urine after oral administration were investigated. Four urea adducts were isolated by chromatography methods and identified by high-resolution mass spectra, 1 D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.

Publication Types:

Clinical Trial

PMID: 19356103 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Oxidative stress in the brain of nicotine-induced toxicity: protective role of Andrographis paniculata

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009 Apr;34(2):124-35.: Oxidative stress in the brain of nicotine-induced toxicity: protective role of Andrographis paniculata Nees and vitamin E.

Das S, Gautam N, Dey SK, Maiti T, Roy S.

Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.

Mitochondria are the crossroads of several crucial cellular activities; they produce considerable quantities of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide, which can damage important macromolecules. Nicotine affects a variety of cellular processes, from induction of gene expression to modulation of enzymatic activities. The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective effects of andrographolide (ANDRO) aqueous extract (AE-Ap) of Andrographis paniculata, and vitamin E on nicotine-induced brain mitochondria. In this investigation, nicotine (1 mg.kg body mass-1.day-1) was treated, for the period of 7 days, simultaneously with 2 A. paniculata products, ANDRO and AE-Ap (250 mg.kg body mass-1.day-1); and vitamin E (50 mg.kg body mass-1.day-1) was supplemented in different group of male Wistar rats. The activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain (Mito-ETC) complexes (I, II, III), nitric oxide production, superoxide anion, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and concentrations of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione were measured in discrete regions of brain (the cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, diencephalons, and brain stem). The study revealed that nicotine inhibits the Mito-ETC complexes and produces nitric oxide, which suppressed the mitochondrial oxidative stress scavenger system in different brain regions. In these circumstances, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were noted in different discrete regions of brain mitochondria. ANDRO, AE-Ap, and vitamin E showed the protective potentiality against nicotine toxicity. The analysis of such alterations is important in determining the basis of normal dysfunction in the brain associated with nicotine toxicity, which could be ameliorated by A. paniculata and vitamin E, and may help to develop therapeutic means against nicotine-induced disorders.

PMID: 19370042 [PubMed - in process]

Prophylactic effect of Andrographis paniculata extracts against Streptococcus agalactiae infection

J Biosci Bioeng. 2009 May;107(5):579-82.: Prophylactic effect of Andrographis paniculata extracts against Streptococcus agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Rattanachaikunsopon P, Phumkhachorn P.

Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand. rattanachaikunsopon@yahoo.com

Six herbs were assessed for their antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae, a major fish pathogen causing streptococcosis. Each herb was extracted with 3 solvents: water, 95% ethanol, and methanol. Using swab paper disc assays, aqueous extracts of Andrographis paniculata and Allium sativum produced the largest (27.5 mm) and smallest (10.3 mm) inhibition zones, respectively. Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of herb extracts against S. agalactiae showed that the aqueous extract of A. paniculata had the lowest MIC value (31.25 microg/mL). Aqueous extract of A. sativum was the only herb extract with a MIC > 500 microg/mL. Based on mortalities in 2 weeks after intraperitoneal S. agalactiae injection, the median lethal dose (LD(50)) of S. agalactiae for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was 3.79 x 10(5) CFU/mL. In vivo experiments showed that fish feed supplemented with either A. paniculata leaf powder or dried matter of A. paniculata aqueous extract reduced mortality of S. agalactiae infected Nile tilapia. In addition, no mortality was found in fish receiving dried matter of A. paniculata aqueous extract supplemented feeds at ratios (w/w) of 4:36 and 5:35. During 2 weeks of feeding with A. paniculata supplemented feeds, no adverse effects on appearance, behavior, or feeding responses were observed.

PMID: 19393561 [PubMed - in process]

Efficacy of an Andrographis paniculata composition for the relief of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms

Clin Rheumatol. 2009 Apr 29. [Epub ahead of print]: Efficacy of an Andrographis paniculata composition for the relief of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Burgos RA, Hancke JL, Bertoglio JC, Aguirre V, Arriagada S, Calvo M, Cáceres DD.

Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Chile, rburgos1@uach.cl.

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall ex Nees (Acanthaceae) possesses anti-inflammatory effects, attributed to the main constituent andrographolide proposed as alternative in the treatment of autoimmune disease. A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was performed. Tablets (Paractin(R)) made of an extract of A. paniculata (30% total andrographolides) were administered three times a day for 14 weeks, after a 2-week washout period to 60 patients with active RA. The primary outcomes were pain intensity measured using a horizontal visual analog pain scale (VAPS). In addition, ACR, EULAR, and SF36 clinical parameters were recorded. The intensity of joint pain decreased in the active vs placebo group at the end of treatment, although these differences were not statistically significant. A significant diminishing for week in tender joint -0.13 95% confidence interval (CI; -0.22 to 0.06; p = 0.001), number of swollen joints -0.15 95%CI (-0.29 to -0.02; p = 0.02), total grade of swollen joint -0.27 95%CI (-0.48 to -0.07; p = 0.010), number of tender joints -0.25 95%CI (-0.48 to -0.02; p = 0.033), total grade of swollen joints -0.27 95%CI (-0.48 to -0.07; p = 0.01), total grade of tender joints -0.47 95%CI (-0.77 to -0.17; p = 0.002) and HAQ -0.52 95%CI (-0.82 to -0.21; p < 0.001) and SF36 0.02 95%CI (0.01 to 0.02; p < 0.001) health questionnaires was observed within the group with the active drug. Moreover, it was associated to a reduction of rheumatoid factor, IgA, and C4. These findings suggest that A. paniculata could be a useful "natural complement" in the treatment of AR; however, a larger trial and a more extended period of treatment is necessary in order to corroborate these results.

PMID: 19408036 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Recent Articles on Andrographis sp.

Andrographis paniculata and Toxicity

Evaluation of the genotoxic potential and acute oral toxicity of standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata

Andrographolide could inhibit human colorectal carcinoma Lovo cells migration and invasion via down-regulation of MMP-7 expression

Identification of four urea adducts of andrographolide in humans

Oxidative stress in the brain of nicotine-induced toxicity: protective role of Andrographis paniculata

Prophylactic effect of Andrographis paniculata extracts against Streptococcus agalactiae infection

Efficacy of an Andrographis paniculata composition for the relief of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms

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Recent Articles on Andrographis sp.

Andrographis paniculata and Toxicity

Evaluation of the genotoxic potential and acute oral toxicity of standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata

Andrographolide could inhibit human colorectal carcinoma Lovo cells migration and invasion via down-regulation of MMP-7 expression

Identification of four urea adducts of andrographolide in humans

Oxidative stress in the brain of nicotine-induced toxicity: protective role of Andrographis paniculata

Prophylactic effect of Andrographis paniculata extracts against Streptococcus agalactiae infection

Efficacy of an Andrographis paniculata composition for the relief of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms

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Search

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