Nat Prod Res. 2010 Oct;24(16):1560-7.
Vasu S, Palaniyappan V, Badami S.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund 643 001, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata has a long history of use in traditional medicine and andrographolide is one of its potent compounds. In this study, a rapid isolation of andrographolide (colourless, bitter and crystalline diterpene lactone) was carried out by a newly developed microwave-assisted extraction. The extraction intensity, time and amount of solvent were optimised prior to this. The conventional heating method provided a 0.4452% yield of andrographolide and microwave heating at 210 W for 40 min provided a 0.589% yield. Compared to conventional extraction procedures, the results suggested that the proposed method was an effective alternative for the extraction of andrographolide. The isolated compounds were found to be the same by UV, HPTLC and (1)H-NMR studies. The isolated andrographolide was tested for in vitro antioxidant activity, and showed a potent free radical scavenging activity.
PMID: 20835957 [PubMed - in process]
Regulation of Inflammatory Gene Expression in PBMCs by Immunostimulatory Botanicals
PLoS One. 2010 Sep 3;5(9). pii: e12561.
Denzler KL, Waters R, Jacobs BL, Rochon Y, Langland JO.
Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America.
Many hundreds of botanicals are used in complementary and alternative medicine for therapeutic use as antimicrobials and immune stimulators. While there exists many centuries of anecdotal evidence and few clinical studies on the activity and efficacy of these botanicals, limited scientific evidence exists on the ability of these botanicals to modulate the immune and inflammatory responses. Using botanogenomics (or herbogenomics), this study provides novel insight into inflammatory genes which are induced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following treatment with immunomodulatory botanical extracts. These results may suggest putative genes involved in the physiological responses thought to occur following administration of these botanical extracts. Using extracts from immunostimulatory herbs (Astragalus membranaceus, Sambucus cerulea, Andrographis paniculata) and an immunosuppressive herb (Urtica dioica), the data presented supports previous cytokine studies on these herbs as well as identifying additional genes which may be involved in immune cell activation and migration and various inflammatory responses, including wound healing, angiogenesis, and blood pressure modulation. Additionally, we report the presence of lipopolysaccharide in medicinally prepared extracts of these herbs which is theorized to be a natural and active component of the immunostimulatory herbal extracts. The data presented provides a more extensive picture on how these herbs may be mediating their biological effects on the immune and inflammatory responses.
PMCID: PMC2933230 Free PMC Article
PMID: 20838436 [PubMed - in process]
Denzler KL, Waters R, Jacobs BL, Rochon Y, Langland JO.
Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America.
Many hundreds of botanicals are used in complementary and alternative medicine for therapeutic use as antimicrobials and immune stimulators. While there exists many centuries of anecdotal evidence and few clinical studies on the activity and efficacy of these botanicals, limited scientific evidence exists on the ability of these botanicals to modulate the immune and inflammatory responses. Using botanogenomics (or herbogenomics), this study provides novel insight into inflammatory genes which are induced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following treatment with immunomodulatory botanical extracts. These results may suggest putative genes involved in the physiological responses thought to occur following administration of these botanical extracts. Using extracts from immunostimulatory herbs (Astragalus membranaceus, Sambucus cerulea, Andrographis paniculata) and an immunosuppressive herb (Urtica dioica), the data presented supports previous cytokine studies on these herbs as well as identifying additional genes which may be involved in immune cell activation and migration and various inflammatory responses, including wound healing, angiogenesis, and blood pressure modulation. Additionally, we report the presence of lipopolysaccharide in medicinally prepared extracts of these herbs which is theorized to be a natural and active component of the immunostimulatory herbal extracts. The data presented provides a more extensive picture on how these herbs may be mediating their biological effects on the immune and inflammatory responses.
PMCID: PMC2933230 Free PMC Article
PMID: 20838436 [PubMed - in process]
Regulation of Inflammatory Gene Expression in PBMCs by Immunostimulatory Botanicals
Karen L. Denzler, Robert Waters, Bertram L. Jacobs, Yvan Rochon, and Jeffrey O. Langland
PMCID: PMC2933230
| Abstract | Full Text | PDF–1.1M |
Many hundreds of botanicals are used in complementary and alternative medicine for therapeutic use as antimicrobials and immune stimulators. While there exists many centuries of anecdotal evidence and few clinical studies on the activity and efficacy of these botanicals, limited scientific evidence exists on the ability of these botanicals to modulate the immune and inflammatory responses. Using botanogenomics (or herbogenomics), this study provides novel insight into inflammatory genes which are induced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following treatment with immunomodulatory botanical extracts. These results may suggest putative genes involved in the physiological responses thought to occur following administration of these botanical extracts. Using extracts from immunostimulatory herbs (Astragalus membranaceus, Sambucus cerulea, Andrographis paniculata) and an immunosuppressive herb (Urtica dioica), the data presented supports previous cytokine studies on these herbs as well as identifying additional genes which may be involved in immune cell activation and migration and various inflammatory responses, including wound healing, angiogenesis, and blood pressure modulation. Additionally, we report the presence of lipopolysaccharide in medicinally prepared extracts of these herbs which is theorized to be a natural and active component of the immunostimulatory herbal extracts. The data presented provides a more extensive picture on how these herbs may be mediating their biological effects on the immune and inflammatory responses.
Many hundreds of botanicals are used in complementary and alternative medicine for therapeutic use as antimicrobials and immune stimulators. While there exists many centuries of anecdotal evidence and few clinical studies on the activity and efficacy of these botanicals, limited scientific evidence exists on the ability of these botanicals to modulate the immune and inflammatory responses. Using botanogenomics (or herbogenomics), this study provides novel insight into inflammatory genes which are induced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following treatment with immunomodulatory botanical extracts. These results may suggest putative genes involved in the physiological responses thought to occur following administration of these botanical extracts. Using extracts from immunostimulatory herbs (Astragalus membranaceus, Sambucus cerulea, Andrographis paniculata) and an immunosuppressive herb (Urtica dioica), the data presented supports previous cytokine studies on these herbs as well as identifying additional genes which may be involved in immune cell activation and migration and various inflammatory responses, including wound healing, angiogenesis, and blood pressure modulation. Additionally, we report the presence of lipopolysaccharide in medicinally prepared extracts of these herbs which is theorized to be a natural and active component of the immunostimulatory herbal extracts. The data presented provides a more extensive picture on how these herbs may be mediating their biological effects on the immune and inflammatory responses.
Characterisation and immuno-stimulating activity of polysaccharides from Thai medicinal plants
Nat Prod Res. 2010 Sep;24(15):1403-12.
Burana-Osot J, Pattanapanyasat K, Soonthornchareonnon N, Sukapirom K, Toida T.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakorn-Pathom 73000, Thailand.
Water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from the tubers of Butea superba Roxb. and Pueraria candollei Wall. Ex Benth. var. mirifica (Shaw et Suvat.) C. Niyomdham, the leaves of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb, Ocimum basilicum L., Psidium guajava and Andrographis paniculata (Burn. f.) Nees, the stems of Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf ExG), and the fruits of Psidium guajava and Scaphium scaphigerum. The immunological impacts of the polysaccharides on T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was investigated by flow cytometric (immunofluorescence) analysis using staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) as a positive control. It was found that the polysaccharides enhanced T-lymphocyte proliferation, ranging from 4.5 to 27.0% at a concentration of 100 microg mL(-1), while the activity of SEB was 13.3%. The medicinal plants showing the highest immuno-stimulating activity were the tubers of Butea superba Roxb. The water-extracted tubers contained 60.0% (w/w) carbohydrates with 6.6% (w/w) uronic acid. The major constituent monosaccharides of the tubers were 28.2 mol% galactose, 10.5 mol% arabinose and 36.4 mol% glucose.
PMID: 20812129 [PubMed - in process]
Burana-Osot J, Pattanapanyasat K, Soonthornchareonnon N, Sukapirom K, Toida T.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakorn-Pathom 73000, Thailand.
Water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from the tubers of Butea superba Roxb. and Pueraria candollei Wall. Ex Benth. var. mirifica (Shaw et Suvat.) C. Niyomdham, the leaves of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb, Ocimum basilicum L., Psidium guajava and Andrographis paniculata (Burn. f.) Nees, the stems of Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf ExG), and the fruits of Psidium guajava and Scaphium scaphigerum. The immunological impacts of the polysaccharides on T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was investigated by flow cytometric (immunofluorescence) analysis using staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) as a positive control. It was found that the polysaccharides enhanced T-lymphocyte proliferation, ranging from 4.5 to 27.0% at a concentration of 100 microg mL(-1), while the activity of SEB was 13.3%. The medicinal plants showing the highest immuno-stimulating activity were the tubers of Butea superba Roxb. The water-extracted tubers contained 60.0% (w/w) carbohydrates with 6.6% (w/w) uronic acid. The major constituent monosaccharides of the tubers were 28.2 mol% galactose, 10.5 mol% arabinose and 36.4 mol% glucose.
PMID: 20812129 [PubMed - in process]
Andrographolide and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata attenuate high glucose-induced fibrosis and apoptosis in murine renal mesangeal cell lines
J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Aug 30. [Epub ahead of print]
Lee MJ, Rao YK, Chen K, Lee YC, Chung YS, Tzeng YM.
Institute of Biochemical Sciences and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taiwan, ROC.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Extracts of Andrographis paniculata Nees is used for various ethnomedical conditions including hyperglycemia and hypertension complications.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-diabetic nephropathy effect of diterpene lactones andrographolide (AP1) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (AP2) from A. paniculata.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: MES-13, a SV40 transformed murine glomerular mesangial cell line, was cultured in high concentration of glucose to induce diabetic nephropathy phenotypes, which include secretion of extracellular matrix protein fibronectin, cytokine TGF-beta, states of oxidative stress, and apoptosis marker caspase-3.
RESULTS: Our data suggest that addition of compounds AP1 or AP2 reduce the phenotypes indicating diabetic nephropathy in MES-13 cells. The compound AP2 showed potent activity than AP1 in the reduction of apoptosis marker caspase-3, fibrosis marker TGF-beta, and PAI-1. Furthermore, AP1 and AP2 do not have antioxidant ability in acellular environment, however addition of AP1 and AP2 reduced intracellular oxidative states in high glucose cultured MES-13 cells.
CONCLUSION: This is the first report on anti-diabetic nephropathy effect of AP1 and AP2 in part due to regulation of intracellular signaling transduction, not mere clearance of reactive oxygen species. Thus, this study may useful for drug development or food supplement for diabetes and nephropathy from A. paniculata.
PMID: 20813180 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Lee MJ, Rao YK, Chen K, Lee YC, Chung YS, Tzeng YM.
Institute of Biochemical Sciences and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taiwan, ROC.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Extracts of Andrographis paniculata Nees is used for various ethnomedical conditions including hyperglycemia and hypertension complications.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-diabetic nephropathy effect of diterpene lactones andrographolide (AP1) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (AP2) from A. paniculata.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: MES-13, a SV40 transformed murine glomerular mesangial cell line, was cultured in high concentration of glucose to induce diabetic nephropathy phenotypes, which include secretion of extracellular matrix protein fibronectin, cytokine TGF-beta, states of oxidative stress, and apoptosis marker caspase-3.
RESULTS: Our data suggest that addition of compounds AP1 or AP2 reduce the phenotypes indicating diabetic nephropathy in MES-13 cells. The compound AP2 showed potent activity than AP1 in the reduction of apoptosis marker caspase-3, fibrosis marker TGF-beta, and PAI-1. Furthermore, AP1 and AP2 do not have antioxidant ability in acellular environment, however addition of AP1 and AP2 reduced intracellular oxidative states in high glucose cultured MES-13 cells.
CONCLUSION: This is the first report on anti-diabetic nephropathy effect of AP1 and AP2 in part due to regulation of intracellular signaling transduction, not mere clearance of reactive oxygen species. Thus, this study may useful for drug development or food supplement for diabetes and nephropathy from A. paniculata.
PMID: 20813180 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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